Study of psycho- and neurotropic effects of modern β-adrenoblockers

Abstract

In the structure of morbidity, disorders of the cardiovascular system occupy one of the leading places. Therefore, optimization of pharmacotherapy of cardiovascular diseases is one of the urgent problems of
medicine and pharmacology. β-Adrenoblockers (β-ABs) are widely used in the therapy and prevention of complications of many cardiovascular diseases. The main side effects of β-ABs are hypotension,
bradyarrhythmias, impaired peripheral blood circulation, bronchoconstriction, hypoglycemia, dyslipidemia, neurological disorders, decreased potency, dyspeptic phenomena, etc. Information regarding the psychoand neurotropic properties of β-ABs in various literature sources is quite contradictory and needs to be confirmed based on the results of both preclinical and clinical trials.
The aim of the study was to investigate the specifics of the effects of the widely used cardioselective β1-ABs atenolol, metoprolol, and bisoprolol on the central nervous system of experimental animals.
For a comparative evaluation of the spectrum of psycho- and neurotropic properties of atenolol, metoprolol, and bisoprolol, we studied their effects on the behavior of intact rats in the open field, elevated
cruciform labyrinth, and rotating rod tests. It was determined that atenolol and metoprolol, unlike bisoprolol, have a moderate depressant effect on the central nervous system, reduce muscle tone, and worsen the coordination of movements of experimental animals. This indicates the ability of drugs to suppress the activity of the central nervous system. The use of metoprolol and atenolol can negatively affect activities that require high speed of
mental and physical reactions, quick decision-making. On the other hand, moderate sedative and anxiolytic properties of atenolol and metoprolol can be considered as additional pharmacodynamic possibilities. Bisoprolol is practically devoid of central side effects inherent in β-ABs. It can be assumed that bisoprolol has a mild actoprotective effect. The results obtained do not coincide with the data of the
literature. The pharmacodynamics of modern β-ABs has not yet been definitively studied. Additional data will allow not only to specify the side effects of the drugs and to determine the conditions for their rational use, but
will also help to expand the pharmacodynamic capabilities of certain drugs of this group.