Ключові слова
рослинні біологічно активні речовини
протизапальні властивості
механізми
протизапальні властивості
механізми
Анотація
Мета дослідження – аналіз наукових джерел інформації щодо протизапальних властивостей біологічно активних речовин (БАР) рослинного походження та фітозасобів, механізмів їхньої дії. Огляд базується на структурованому пошуку літератури, розробленому для виявлення публікацій щодо протизапальних властивостей рослинних субстанцій та механізмів їхньої дії. Здійснено пошук у відповідних базах даних, включаючи PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science та Google Scholar, зосереджуючись переважно на періоді між 2000 та 2025 роками. Речовини рослинного походження, що виявляють протизапальну активність, належать до найрізноманітніших хімічних класів: це алкалоїди та терпени, фенольні сполуки, такі як дубильні речовини, лігнани, кумарини, сапоніни та, особливо, флавоноїди. Існує декілька механізмів, що пояснюють in vivo протизапальну активність БАР лікарських рослин. Ці механізми включають антиоксидантну та антирадикальну активність, регуляцію активності пов’язаних із запаленням клітин – опасистих, макрофагів, лімфоцитів і нейтрофілів (наприклад, деякі пригнічують вивільнення гістаміну з опасистих клітин, а інші пригнічують проліферацію Т-клітин), модуляцію активності ферментів, що метаболізують арахідонову кислоту (АК), таких як ФЛА2, циклооксигеназа, ліпоксигеназа, і ферменту, що продукує NO – синтазу оксиду азоту (NOS). Інгібування цих ферментів протизапальними препаратами лікарських рослин знижує вироблення АК, простагландинів, лейкотрієнів і NO, які є ключовими медіаторами запалення. Таким чином, інгібування цих ферментів є одним із важливих клітинних протизапальних механізмів. Останніми роками багато доказів підтверджують ідею, що певні БАР є модуляторами експресії генів, вони здатні інгібувати експресію прозапальних генів, що призводить до ослаблення запальної реакції. БАР рослин впливають на різні клітинні та молекулярні мішені, які задіяні в розвитку запалення, що свідчить про полівалентність дії рослинних препаратів і зумовлює їхню високу клінічну ефективність.
Посилання
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21. Evaluation of anti-inflammatory and gastric anti-ulcer activity of Phyllanthus niruri L. (Euphorbiaceae) leaves in experimental rats. R. Mostofora, S. Ahmed, M. M. Begum et al. BMC Complement Altern. Med. 2017. V. 17. P. 267.
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24. Medicinal plants with anti-inflammatory activities. F. Maione, R. Russo, H. Khan et al. Nat. Prod. Res. 2015. V. 30. P. 1343–1352.
25. Effects of aqueous extracts from Ceratonia siliqua L. pods on small intestinal motility in rats and jejunal permeability in mice. K. Rtibi, S. Selmi, M.-A. Jabri et al. RSC Adv. 2016. V. 6. P. 44345–44353.
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29. Hussein R. A., El-Anssary A. A. Plants secondary metabolites: the key drivers of the pharmacological actions of medicinal plants. Herb. Med. 2019. V. 2. P. 11–30.
30. Singh B., Sharma R. A. Plant terpenes: defense responses, phylogenetic analysis, regulation and clinical applications. Biotech. 2014. V. 5. P. 129–151.
31. Plant secondary metabolites in the battle of drugs and drug-resistant bacteria: new heroes or worse clones of antibiotics? C. L. Gorlenko, H. Y. Kiselev, E. V. Budanova et al. Antibiotics. 2020. V. 9. P. 170.
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35. The biological efficacy of natural products against acute and chronic inflammatory diseases in the oral region. T. Ara, S. Nakatani, K. Kobata et al. Medicines. 2018. V. 5. P. 122.
36. Recent research on flavonoids and their biomedical applications. K. Wen, X. Fang, J. Yang et al. Current Medicinal Chemistry. 2021. V. 28, Issue 5. P. 1042–1066.
37. Indian medicinal herbs as sources of antioxidants. S. S. Ali, N. Kasoju, A. Luthra et al. Food Res. Int. 2008. V. 41. P. 1–15.
38. Middleton E., Kandaswami C., Theoharides T. C. The effects of plant flavonoids on mammalian cells: implications for inflammation, heart disease and cancer. Pharmacol. Rev. 2000. V. 52. P. 673–751.
39. Anti-inflammatory plant flavonoids and cellular action mechanisms. H. P. Kim, K. H. Son, H. W. Chang et al. J. Pharmacol. Sci. 2004. V. 96. P. 229–245.
40. Effect of flavonoids on arachidonic acid metabolism. A. F. Welton, L. D. Tobias, C. Fiedler-Nagy et al. In: V. Cody, E. Middleton, J. B. Harborne, editors. Plant flavonoids in biology and medicine. New York: Alan R. Liss, 1986. P. 231–242.
41. Inhibition of mammalian 5-lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase by flavonoids and phenolic dietary additives. M. J. Laughton, P. J. Evans, M. A. Moroney et al. Biochem. Pharmacol. 1991. V. 42. P. 1673–1681.
42. Targeting mammalian 5-lipoxygenase by dietary phenolics as an anti-inflammatory mechanism: a systematic review. J. A. Giménez-Bastida, A. González-Sarrías, J. M. Laparra-Llopis et al. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021. V. 22 (15). P. 7937.
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