Keywords
polyphenolic compounds
flavonoids
carotenoids
fatty acids
anti-inflammatory activity
Hass avocado
soft dosage form
chemical composition
Abstract
Today, in the field of pharmacy and medicine, much attention is paid to the creation of dosage forms based on plant biologically active substances, especially if agro-industrial waste can act as a resource of phytocomponents. The aim of the study – to determine chemical composition and antioxidant activity of extracts from varions parts of avocado fruit and research their anti-inflammatory as action ointment components an at model experiment in vivo. Complex of biologically active substances from different parts (pulp, seeds, skin) of ripe Hass avocado fruit was obtained by extraction using 70% ethanol and hexane as an extractant. Spectrophoto- metric analysis methods were used to study the content of polyphenolic compounds, flavonoids and carotenoids. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was determined by spectrophotometric method using DPPH radical; the fatty acid composition of the hexane extract of the fruit pulp was determined using gas chromatography; the anti-inflammatory effect of a 6% ointment containing phytocomponents of the processed ethanol-water extracts of the peel and seeds and the hexane extract of the pulp was evaluated using models of carrageenan- and histamine-induced edema of the hind limb in rats in comparison with the reference drug ibuprofen. It was shown that the maximum content of polyphenolic compounds and flavonoids was in ethanolwater extracts of the peel and seeds of the fruit. The highest content of bioactive substances (BAS), including carotenoids, corresponds to the extract from the peel of the fruit. The maximum antioxidant effect corresponded to the ethanol-water extracts from the seeds and peel of avocado, which were selected for ointment preparation. Hexane extract of the fruit pulp was also included in the ointment due to the high content of fatty acids (oleic, palmitic, linoleic, and palmitinoleic), which contribute to the pharmacological effect and enhance the permeability of other BAS to the skin. In models of carrageenan- and histamine-induced edema, the local anti-inflammatory activity of 6% ointment based on avocado extracts was established, which is not inferior to the action of the reference drug – ibuprofen ointment throughout the entire experiment. Thus, it was established that thaf phytocomponents of the 6% ointment based on biologically active substances of ethanol-aqueous extracts from avocado seeds and peel and hexane extract of the pulp have an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects and are promising components for further research as medicinal and cosmetic products.
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